Friday, October 25, 2019
A Study of Perspectives Essay -- Paris Burning Film Movies Essays
A Study of Perspectives Livingston's documentary Paris is Burning inspired an awareness of being that I had not previously experienced. The film urges the spectator to reevaluate not only one's breadth of knowledge of the black gay culture in the 80's, but also the perspectives from which one views the film. Personally speaking, the easiest evaluation of the latter topic would be the perspective of a privileged white straight female born into a sheltered and socially traditional household. This background would thus color my reaction to the film: one of intense sadness for the featured interviewees who yearned for an existence which was mostly unobtainable except in the case of extreme sacrifice and typically led to social ostracizing and ridicule (even in some cases, death) – yet this existence they yearned to emulate was something I had been born into without struggle nor appreciation, it was simply my life. But one could say my perspective of pity and guilt was actually somewhat of a perversion of the deeper meaning of the film. My feelings were not enlightened but the opposite – I was subjugating the people's identities in the film by not recognizing their independent validity, and only reacting to their performance of emulation with condescending sympathy. My depression over the film resulted not from what Bell Hooks's depression stemmed as she explains her views on the film: " [It is] a documentary affirming that colonized, victimized, exploited black folks are all to willing to be complicit in perpetuating the fantasy that ruling-class white culture is the quintessential site of unrestricted joy, freedom, power, and pleasure." (Hooks, Is Paris Burning? pg. 149) I was only saddened by the fact that the performers in... ...int their faces brown and wear prosthetic breasts and butts would reference historical oppression, but that this historical oppression still effected people of today and was not simply a story of past times, but a continuing struggle. Like the deeply rooted racism and classism of Paris is Burning, a film seemingly celebrating the culture and people it serves to eventually dehumanize, the actions of Bert and Ernie stood for much more than two Haverford students lacking perspective and foresight. Bert and Ernie's actions stand for a more deeply rooted problem of young people today forgetting that we are still struggling for equality and respect within our society and that no one is immune from this necessity for empathy and understanding. Works Cited: Hook, Bell (1992). Is Paris Burning? , Black Looks. (pp. 145-156). The Muppets Abstract. Oct. 5th, 2004.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Reggae Music and Its Influences Essay
One of the world’s iconic figures, Reggae musician Bob Marley(1945-1981) stated that, â€Å"People want to listen to a message, word from Jah(God). This could be passed through me or anybody, I am not a leader, messenger. The word of the songs, not the person, is what attracts people.†Reggae music is gifted to people in Jamaica as their own unique identity. Jamaican musicians are well-known for expressing their Rastafarian beliefs through the music, Reggae. Rastafarian reflects ideologies, attitudes, actions of the people for the better society (Spiker,1998). At this point, they became social commentators, prophets, and messengers who heal the wounds of people affected by social and political injustices (Aimers, 2004).This essay illustrates that reggae music has been successful spreading Rastafarian beliefs in politics, social injustices and cultures. Firstly, Jamaican musicians play essential roles to give the political messages to people based on their Rastafarian beliefs. The political messages shared through the Reggae music are those of peace, love, and brotherhood of mankind for forming a unity to fight for the liberty of people in Jamaica. Musicians gave the message by setting several goals based on general popular interest of the population against any oppression and encouraged people to speak-up. For instance, Bob Marley(1945-1981); the predominant singer strived to bring the awareness for not only in the hearts of Jamaicans, but also in those of Africans and the rest of the world (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). One of his popular songs, â€Å"Get up, and Stand up for your rights†not only defended his religious beliefs but also pointed at political oppression and natural rights of people (Lockard, n.d). Following lyrics is from the song by Bob Marley (1973): We sick an’ tired of-a-your ism-skism-game Dying ‘n’ goin’ to heaven in-a Jesus’ name, Lord. We know when we understand: Almighty god is a living man. You can fool some people sometimes, But you can fool all the people all the time. So now we see the light (What you gonna do?) We gonna stand up for our rights! (Bob Marley Lyrics) Thus, one can conclude that reggae and its musicians are influential as a medium for spreading political messages to enlighten the darkness of people’s mind and brain.  Secondly, People all around the world heard the voice of Rastafarian beliefs against social injustices through the reggae music and by its talented musicians. Their songs’ lyrics were mightier than swords to reveal such issues as racism, colonialism, slavery, and exploitation on colored people in Africa. Rastafarians are attached to the ideas of equality, tolerance, justice, and non-violence. In addition, it is a theology of submissiveness and every Rasta has a right to freedom of expression (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). Particularly, slavery had affected most of Africans’ lives badly for being taken away from one own society and family which could have damaged them physically and psychologically by segregations and hard labors (Novick, n.d). For example, Reggae musician, Peter Tosh(1944-1987)’s famous song â€Å"Mama Africa†(1983)indicated the life of an African slave missing home: Mama Africa How are you doing Mama, Mama Africa Long time me no see you Mama They took me away from you Mama Long before I was born They took me away from you Mama Long before I came on in(Peter Tosh Lyrics) Hence, the reggae music and its musicians had not only led people in Jamaica for Rastafarian beliefs and for fighting against the social injustices but also Africans as a whole for the better survival. Lastly, the Rastafari influence also had contributed to the cultural significance of reggae music and culture of people; it was a symbol for both identity and pride among the Jamaicans. It has also created an understanding of lifestyle and culture in Jamaica for the rest of the world (Aimers, 2004). The reggae music and Rastafarian complemented one another to occupy people’s state of mind to think of it as a part of the Jamaican lifestyle, needless to mention that it has become a tradition and culture for them. In spite of all the difficulties and hardships which came upon people in Jamaica, they had been recognized internationally for their predominant reggae music all over the world. The culture of reggae along with Rastafarian symbols was being introduced to many countries. Reggae musicians’ hair-styles, clothing and accessories which mirror the Rastafari are being imitated by some devoted fans. For example, Thailand’s Khao-San road is full of Rastafarian symbols and its trendy musician, Bob Marley printed-items from head to toe. Therefore, Reggae music and its Rastafarian symbols have enormously impacted on cultures of many different countries, originated from Jamaica. In conclusion, there are many studies which has discussed about the importance of reggae music spreading Rastafarian beliefs and symbols throughout the world. Reggae music has been positively influential to the society by means of political, social, and cultural impacts. In addition, it has not only brought the liberty to people in Jamaica but also mother Africa. Therefore, it is remarkable peak in history that peaceful and non-violent music won over the aggressive wars, fights, and any kind of violence. In fact, peaceful as well as meaningful song lyrics are mightier than sharp and shining swords. References; Aimers, J. (2004). â€Å"The Cultural Significance of Reggae.†ATH175 People of the world. Retrieved from; http://www.units.muohio.edu/ath175/student/petersle/culture.html Abram, V. & Ingrid, H. (October, 2009). â€Å"The Rastafarian Movement.†The Observatory for Religious Phenomena (World Religion Watch). Retrieved from http://www.worldreligionwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=281&Itemid=65 Lockard, Craig A. (June, 2010). â€Å"Bob Marley, Victor Jara, Fela Kuti, and Political Popular Music.†University of Illinois. Retrieved from; http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/7.2/lockard.html Novixk, S. (n.d). â€Å"The Effects of Slavery on Reggae Music.†The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/novick.html Spiker, C. (April 1998). â€Å"Reggae As Social Change:The Spread of Rastafarianism.†The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/spiker.html
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
How to Say “Good Morning†in Japanese + 9 Other Greetings
How to Say â€Å"Good Morning†in Japanese + 9 Other Greetings SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're heading to Japan or thinking of studying Japanese, you’ll definitely want a firm grasp of the basic greetings and phrases. What’s "good morning" in Japanese? What's "good afternoon" in Japanese? In this article, I will teach you 10 common Japanese greetings, from how to say good morning in Japanese to how to introduce yourself properly. I’ll then give you my top tips for using these greetings both appropriately and effectively. 10 Common Japanese Greetings and How to Use Them The Japanese language uses different greetings depending on the time of day (as English does) and the situation (such as whether the person you’re greeting is a close friend or a superior at work). Let’s take a look at the most common Japanese phrases and how to use them. #1: Good Morning = OhayÃ… 㠊㠯よã †/ OhayÃ… Gozaimasu 㠊㠯よã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â„¢ It’s essential to know how to say good morning in Japanese. There are two basic ways to say this greeting, depending on the level of formality you’re using (and are expected to use). The first way to say good morning is ohayÃ… 㠊㠯よã †(pronounced a lot like the state Ohio). This is the casual form, which you'd mainly use with close friends and family members. The second way to say good morning in Japanese is ohayÃ… gozaimasu 㠊㠯よã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â„¢. This is a more formal version. Gozaimasu is a common suffix in Japanese used to indicate a high degree of politeness and respect. Since this form is more polite, you’ll often hear it in Japan in places such as schools, stores, workplaces, etc. Pronunciation OhayÃ… sounds very similar to the US state Ohio (oh-high-yoh). The only big difference is that you enunciate the "y" sound a little more strongly and hold the final "o" sound out longer (that’s why there’s a line above the letter). Gozaimasu is pronounced goh-zigh-moss. Usage While most people use this greeting in the morning (no surprise there!), it’s not rare to hear ohayÃ… gozaimasu or ohayÃ… in the afternoon, too, especially if it’s the first time you’re seeing someone that day (such as if your work day starts at 1 pm). It’s common to say ohayÃ… gozaimasu while bowing (formal) or giving a nod and a smile (less formal). Typically written in the hiragana alphabet as 㠊㠯よã †(ohayÃ… ) or 㠊㠯よã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â„¢ (ohayÃ… gozaimasu). #2: Good Afternoon / Hello = Konnichiwa 㠓ん㠫㠡ã ¯ This famous Japanese greeting is well known in the English-speaking world (though we’ve actually butchered the pronunciation a bit!). Konnichiwa 㠓ん㠫㠡ã ¯ means good afternoon in Japanese- or, more generally, hello- and is typically used from late morning to late afternoon. Pronunciation The pronunciation of konnichiwa is kohn-nee-chee-wah. Make sure to hold out the "n" sound in the middle of the word (that’s why there are two of them). It'll probably feel a bit weird doing this if you’re not used to Japanese sounds, but trust me when I say it’ll make you sound much more like a native speaker in the end! Usage Unlike the difference between ohayÃ… and ohayÃ… gozaimasu, you may say konnichiwa with people you either know or don’t know equally. Like ohayÃ… gozaimasu, it’s common to say konnichiwa while bowing (formal) or giving a head nod and a smile (less formal). Typically written in the hiragana alphabet as 㠓ん㠫㠡ã ¯, though it may also be written in kanji as ä »Å æâ€" ¥Ã£ ¯. This second spelling can be confusing, however, as it also means ã ょ㠆㠯 (kyÃ… wa), or "as for today." When it starts to get dark like this, konnichiwa just won't cut it. #3: Good Evening = Konbanwa / Kombanwa 㠓ん㠰ã‚“ã ¯ Making our way to the end of the day now! Konbanwa (or kombanwa) 㠓ん㠰ã‚“ã ¯, meaning good evening, is primarily used- you guessed it- in the evening and at night. There’s no exact time you must begin using this phrase instead of konnichiwa. In general, though, once it starts to get dark out, this is the greeting to use. Pronunciation The pronunciation of konbanwa is kohn-bahn-wah; however, note that the "n" sounds here are a little more nasal-sounding than they would be in English. This is why you’ll sometimes see the first "n" in konbanwa written as an "m" (kombanwa). Pronouncing this first "n" more like an "m" will ultimately help you sound more like a native Japanese speaker. As for the second "n," think of it as if you're saying the "ng" sound, but without the final "g." Usage Unlike the difference between ohayÃ… and ohayÃ… gozaimasu, you may say konbanwa with people you either know or don’t know equally. It’s common to say konbanwa while bowing (formal) or giving a head nod and a smile (less formal). Typically written in the hiragana alphabet as 㠓ん㠰ã‚“ã ¯, though it may also be written in kanji as ä »Å æ™ ©Ã£ ¯. #4: Good Night = Oyasuminasai 㠊や㠙㠿㠪ã •ã „ Oyasuminasai 㠊や㠙㠿㠪ã •ã „ is used the same way its English equivalent, "good night," is used. In Japan, it's customary to say this phrase when preparing to go to bed, or when about to head home after a night out with friends and/or coworkers. Pronunciation Oyasuminasai is pronounced oh-yah-soo-mee-nah-sigh. Usage You may use the casual form oyasumi 㠊や㠙㠿 when saying good night to a family member or close friend. Can be written in all hiragana as 㠊や㠙㠿㠪ã •ã „, or with kanji as ã Šä ¼â€˜Ã£ ¿Ã£ ªÃ£ •ã „ (ä ¼â€˜Ã£ ¿ means "rest"). The proper way to introduce yourself in English ... to the man who killed your father. (oxygeon/Flickr) #5: How Do You Do? = Hajimemashite 㠯㠘゠㠾ã â€"ã ¦ Hajimemashite 㠯㠘゠㠾ã â€"ã ¦ should only be used when meeting someone for the first time. It is similar to the English greeting "How do you do?" though some might translate it as "Nice to meet you" or "Pleased to meet you." Pronunciation This word is pretty much pronounced how it’s spelled: ha-jee-meh-mosh-teh. Notice how you don’t overly enunciate the "i" after the "sh" sound. Usage This phrase is generally the first thing you say to someone new, followed by your name and then another common phrase: dÃ… zo yoroshiku or yoroshiku onegaishimasu (see below for more on this greeting), which is typically translated as "Nice to meet you." Usually written in hiragana as 㠯㠘゠㠾ã â€"ã ¦, though you may also write it with kanji as åˆ ã‚ ã ¾Ã£ â€"ã ¦ (åˆ means "for the first time"). #6: Nice to Meet You / Thank You = Yoroshiku Onegaishimasu よã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢ Yoroshiku onegaishimasu よã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢ is a somewhat complicated greeting, as there are many different ways to use and say it. As a result, it doesn’t translate easily into English. One translation of yoroshiku onegaishimasu is "Nice to meet you" or "Please treat me well" if you say it when meeting someone new. That said, it can also mean "Please and thank you" or "Thank you in advance" if you are instead using it to ask someone for a favor. Other translations of this phrase include "Thank you for understanding" or "I am indebted to you" (if someone is doing or will be doing something to help or benefit you in some way). In terms of formality, there are multiple ways to say yoroshiku onegaishimasu in Japanese. Here are the different versions of this phrase, from most formal to least formal: DÃ… zo yoroshiku onegaishimasu 㠩㠆㠞よ゠ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢ (more formal) Yoroshiku onegaishimasu よã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢ (formal) DÃ… zo yoroshiku 㠩㠆㠞よ゠ã â€"ã (less formal) Yoroshiku よã‚ ã â€"ã (casual) Pronunciation DÃ… zo is pronounced doh-zoh. Make sure to extend the first "oh" sound a bit (you can see it has the line above it to indicate this). Yoroshiku is also pronounced pretty simply: yoh-roh-shee-koo. Note that the "r" sound in Japanese is very different from the English "r." It’s a lot more like a mix between an "r," "l," and "d" (similar to how North Americans pronounce the "d" sound in "ladder" or the "t" sound in "better"). Onegaishimasu is pronounced oh-neh-guy-shee-moss. Note that you don’t need to overly enunciate the final "u" sound. Usage This is a go-to phrase for Japanese people, as it fits many kinds of situations. It is a polite (and expected) way to thank someone in advance and to address someone you have just met ("Nice to meet you"). It’s common to say this phrase while bowing (formal) or offering a head nod and a smile (less formal), especially when meeting someone for the first time. "Long time, no see," said the girl who had just seen her cat two minutes earlier. #7: Long Time, No See = Ohisashiburi Desu ã Šä ¹â€¦Ã£ â€"㠶ã‚Š㠧ã â„¢ The greeting ohisashiburi desu ã Šä ¹â€¦Ã£ â€"㠶ã‚Š㠧ã â„¢ is best translated as "Long time, no see!" It can also be translated as "It’s been a while." This is the phrase you use when you haven’t seen somebody in a long time; you cannot use it when meeting someone for the first time. There are different ways to say this phrase depending on the level of formality you want to use. Ohisashiburi desu is the formal version. However, you can shorten this to hisashiburi ä ¹â€¦Ã£ â€"㠶ã‚Šif the situation is casual (e.g., you’re speaking with a friend or family member). Pronunciation Ohisashiburi desu is pronounced oh-hee-sah-shee-boo-ree-dess. Note that the final "u" in desu is very soft- so much so that you can basically drop it altogether. Remember that the Japanese "r" sound is not like the English "r" and is actually more closely related to the "d" sound in the word "ladder" (in short, it's a mix between a "d," "r," and "l" sound). Usage Many people add the suffix ne ã to the end of this greeting; this is similar to asking for a sign of agreement (like the English "you know?" or "isn’t it?"). You could say ohisashiburi desu ne ã Šä ¹â€¦Ã£ â€"㠶ã‚Š㠧ã ™ã (formal) or hisashiburi ne ä ¹â€¦Ã£ â€"㠶ã‚Šã (casual). #8: Goodbye = SayÃ… nara 㠕よ㠆㠪ら or Shitsureishimasu Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠾ã â„¢ You’ve likely heard the first of these two phrases, but did you know that it’s not always appropriate to use sayÃ… nara 㠕よ㠆㠪ら- even when you mean to say goodbye? In truth, sayÃ… nara implies that you’ll be leaving for a long time or won’t be seeing whomever you’re saying goodbye to for a while (or even ever again). You can think of it as being similar to the English word farewell in that it's somewhat dramatic and theatrical. As a result, it’s not actually used all that often in everyday Japanese conversation. By contrast, shitsureishimasu Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠾ã â„¢ is a more formal (and common) way of saying goodbye. It’s often used in places such as schools, workplaces, hospitals, etc. There is no implication here that you won’t be seeing the person again for a long time. This phrase literally translates to "I am going to be rude" or "Excuse me for being rude." Pronunciation SayÃ… nara is pronounced sah-yoh-nah-rah. Once again, do not pronounce the "r" as you would an English "r" but rather as you do the "d" sound in the word "ladder." Be sure to also stress the "o" sound, as this is elongated. Shitsureishimasu is pronounced sheet-soo-ray-shee-moss. As mentioned above, do not pronounce the "r" sound as you would an English "r." You can also drop the final "u" sound, as this is very soft (so it sounds more like "moss," not "moss-oo"). Usage What exactly is the difference between sayÃ… nara and shitsureishimasu? Here’s an example: you’ve just finished work and are preparing to say goodbye to your coworkers. If you say shitsureishimasu, this means that you’re going now (and will see them tomorrow). On the other hand, if you say sayÃ… nara, your coworkers would most likely become worried, possibly thinking that you’ve been fired or are planning to leave work permanently! Shitsureishimasu can also mean "Excuse me" or "Excuse me for bothering you" when entering a teacher or boss’s office. In this sense, it’s both a greeting and a parting phrase. When leaving to go home from work early, it's customary to say osakini shitsureishimasu 㠊先㠫å ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠾ã â„¢ ("Excuse me for leaving early/first"). The osakini indicates that you are excusing yourself for leaving before your coworkers and/or superiors do. "See you, everyone," whimpered Kermit as the cat finally put his paw down. #9: See You = Jaa Ne ã ˜ã‚Æ'ã ‚ã or Mata Ne 㠾ã Ÿã These are the two phrases to use when saying goodbye in casual situations- not sayÃ… nara (which is somewhat dramatic) or shitsureishimasu (which is quite formal). Both jaa ne ã ˜ã‚Æ'ã ‚ã and mata ne 㠾ã Ÿã mean something along the lines of "See you later!" or "See you!" You may also add the jaa part to mata ne by saying jaa mata ne ã ˜ã‚Æ'㠂㠾ã Ÿã or just jaa mata ã ˜ã‚Æ'㠂㠾ã Ÿ (jaa means "well" or "then"). Pronunciation Both of these phrases are easy to pronounce. Jaa ne is pronounced jah-neh (the two a's mean you should hold out the "ah" sound a little bit). Mata ne is pronounced mah-tah-neh, with the stress on the "mah" syllable. Here's a helpful video that explains the differences between various ways of saying goodbye in the Japanese language: Usage Don’t use these parting phrases in formal situations, such as at work or when speaking to a teacher at school. There are a few variations of these phrases. Others include mata ashita 㠾㠟明æâ€" ¥ (see you tomorrow) and dewa mata ne 㠧㠯㠾ã Ÿã (dewa is the formal form of jaa). #10: Welcome = Irasshaimase ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾ã › Irasshaimase ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾ã › is a highly common word you’ll hear in Japan, though you yourself probably won’t use it all that much, if at all. The word means "Welcome!" and is primarily used by shopkeepers, restaurant workers, and others to greet customers who enter the shop/store, restaurant, or other business. Pronunciation Irasshaimase is a pretty fun word to say, especially if you want to accurately mimic shopkeepers. It is pronounced ee-rah-shy-moss-eh, with a slight pause between the "rah" and "shy" sounds. Don't forget that the Japanese "r" sounds like a combination of the English "r," "l," and "d" sounds. Usage Although you most likely won’t need to say this word aloud, it’s important to understand what it means so that you can know why people are yelling it at you when you enter a store! There’s no need to respond to this greeting. However, it doesn’t hurt to offer a polite nod and a smile, especially if the person saying it is looking at you or in your direction. You might occasionally hear the shortened version of this word, irasshai ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'ã „. Mastering Japanese greetings takes time- but luckily not as long as mastering calligraphy does. How to Use Japanese Greetings: 2 Essential Tips We’ve gone over quite a few common greetings, from how to say good morning in Japanese to how to welcome customers to a shop or restaurant in Japanese. Now, we'll look at two essential tips to help you use all of these Japanese greetings correctly. Tip 1: Bow When Appropriate Not every situation requires a 90 degree bow, but it’s important to remember to bow (or at least offer a deep head nod) when appropriate so that you don't offend anyone- especially when it comes to teachers/professors, bosses, clients, etc. For example, say you're taking a Japanese class. As you leave the classroom, it would be expected for you to say shitsureishimasu. While you don’t necessarily need to stop and do a full bow to your teacher, a low head nod and a smile is both polite and appropriate. Tip 2: When in Doubt, Err on Formal If you’re studying Japanese, you’ve likely heard that formality is a big deal in Japanese culture. This is generally true- and it can make using the Japanese language pretty darn confusing. If you’re ever doubting whether to use the formal or casual form of a phrase, just go with formal. There’s nothing wrong with being a little more polite; however, it’s definitely wrong (and offensive!) to be overly casual when you should be using far more deferential language with whomever you're speaking to. Ultimately, the only time you should use casual Japanese is when you're speaking with close friends and family members (although even within families, children are usually expected to use more respectful language toward older relatives). What’s Next? Got questions about literary devices, too? Check out our extensive guide to the most common literary devices you'll find in works of fiction, and learn how to identify them in anything you read. If you're stumped on science, we've got you covered. Read our guides to learn how to identify the different types of clouds and how to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:
Monday, October 21, 2019
Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike
In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ... Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Day of Infamy Speech Given by FDR After Pearl Harbor
Day of Infamy Speech Given by FDR After Pearl Harbor At 12:30 p.m. on December 8, 1941, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stood before Congress and gave what is now known as his Day of Infamy or Pearl Harbor speech. This speech was given only a day following the Empire of Japans strike on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and the Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire. Roosevelts Declaration Against Japan The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii shocked almost everyone in the United States military and left Pearl Harbor vulnerable and unprepared. In his speech, Roosevelt declared that December 7, 1941, the day that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, would remain a date which will live in infamy. The word infamy derives from the root word fame, and translates roughly to fame gone bad. Infamy, in this case, also meant strong condemnation and public reproach due to the result of Japans conduct. The particular line on infamy from Roosevelt has become so famous that it is hard to believe the first draft had the phrase written as a date which will live in world history. The Beginning of World War II The nation was divided on entering the second war until the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred. This had everyone united against the Empire of Japan in remembrance and support of Pearl Harbor. At the end of the speech, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war against Japan and his request was granted that same day. Because Congress immediately declared war, the United States subsequently entered World War II officially. Official declarations of war must be done by Congress, who have the sole power to declare war and have done so on 11 total occasions since 1812. The last formal declaration of war was World War II. The text below is the speech as Roosevelt delivered it, which differs slightly from his final written draft. Full Text of FDRs Day of Infamy Speech Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941- a date which will live in infamy- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Availability Of Information Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Availability Of Information Online - Essay Example E-learning is electronic based training which involves the transfer of instructions and educational material through the internet or intranet and/or CD-ROM (Mason, 2006). It may include use of videos, audio, or written materials. Reflective learning Reflective learning can be classified as one of the earliest learning method. This method of learning can be explained as consciously thinking about a situation and analyzing what one has done or is doing. The thinking can involve looking for commonalities, differences, and interrelations beyond their superficial elements. It can be also seen as learning from present or past experience (Moon, 2004). Finally, reflective learning is the process by which one makes meaning from experiences that involve more than simply attending to events but also, the interaction other individuals, the environment and the world. Reflective learning encourages participation, ensures concentration of the students and offers relevant framework for development o f professionals in their respective fields. Reflective learning also enables instructors to learn from their experiences of teaching and facilitate students learning (Brookfield, 2000). By use of the Kolb cycle (a set of four different stages) instructors can acquire useful model by which to develop their practice. The assumption of the Kolb cycle is that it is insufficient to encompass an experience so as to learn and that the cycle can be entered at any stage. The four stages of the Kolb cycle are concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Concrete experience involves actual doing of an act so as to have the first hand experience. Reflective observation may involve reviewing and reflecting on the experience acquired (Scho?n, 1987). Abstraction conceptualization involves the thinking process and concluding of the learning experience. Active experimentation is the planning and the trying out of the information and experiences acquired. It is evident that through reflective learning, the lecturer acquires the necessary skills which can enable him or her effectively teaches and counsels the students (Scho?n, 1987). E-learning and Reflective learning The introduction and continued spread of e-learning may lead to the division of academics from the scholars and tends to lead to the anticipation that classes can be triumphant without the face to face contact of the student with the instructor. E-learning may be most appropriate if three factors are thoroughly addressed, which are technology, instructional needs, and education (Lynch, 2002). However, most modern theories of learning (including E-learning) promote the concept of reflective learning as essential for deep and significant learning. The advancement in technology has enabled e-learning to overcome the traditional disadvantages of using technology to gain experience and knowledge. (Stephenson, 2001) In the past, online learning was passive, using the usual teaching centered approach. However, the e-learning approach used this days incorporates the reflective theory of learning enabling learners to observe, reflect, strategize, and even to plan their own learning. The online learning activity, featuring reflections and collaboration, attempts to assist students in self-directed learning and in improving their skills and knowledge through designing tailor made learning programmes that are well suited to each student (Clarke,
Friday, October 18, 2019
Describe The Here and Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Describe The Here and Now - Essay Example The piece has buoyant rhythms with unpredictable sense of emotions released by the lyrical sentences at the start, as well as at the end of each stanza. The highlighted poem is meditative with emotional moments that give anxiety in the entire poem. It uses heterophony as a way of presenting the message to the intended audience. The sonority and sensibility in unfolding the ideas and concepts in the poem make it interesting and memorable. The lyrics in the piece are metaphysical and touch on things that we cannot touch or even imagine, this makes it elusive and emotional. The here and now shows Theofanidis’ mastery of the orchestra and his strong sense for both drama and melody. The harmonized choral parts allow the lyrics to come out in a clear way. They are made clearer by the shorter sentences adapted by Theofanidis in his poetry piece. The whole piece is viscerally evocative, dramatic, presentational, pretentious as well as intended for meditation. It has been crafted to incorporate neo-romantic qualities similar to that of Shakespeare. The whole piece is quite informative and incorporates all the elements of a comprehensive dramatic poem. With the continuous improvement in the different genres, the poem needs to be all inclusive to accommodate all groups of audience including, the
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